Bulgaria: Bulgargaz proposes lower wholesale gas price for January 2026 amid continued market easing
Bulgaria’s state-owned gas supplier Bulgargaz has proposed a reduction in the wholesale price of natural gas to be applied in […]
2030–2035 scenario annex: Gas prices, CBAM and export margins
Scenario one: High volatility, tight LNG markets In a scenario characterised by global LNG tightness, regulatory uncertainty, and persistent geopolitical
Gas–power flexibility models for Serbian industries
Flexibility as a cost-control mechanism Flexibility has become the primary tool for managing gas-driven volatility. In the Serbian context, flexibility
Gas vs electricity procurement: Strategic choices fo Serbian exporters
Serbian exporters increasingly face a strategic choice: treat gas and electricity as separate procurement streams or integrate them into a
Sector-by-sector gas cost sensitivity in Serbian export industries
Steel: Gas as a volatility multiplier rather than a fuel cost In Serbia’s steel industry, gas sensitivity manifests less through
Gas markets as a structural cost driver for Serbian exporters
Natural gas has shifted from a relatively predictable industrial input to a structurally volatile cost driver across European markets. For
Electricity prices, production costs, and export competitiveness: What Serbian manufacturers face when selling into the EU
Electricity pricing has shifted from a background cost to a central competitive variable for Serbian export-oriented production. For companies selling
What the European gas market means for Serbia-based producers and exporters
The European natural gas market has moved decisively away from its pre-2020 equilibrium. Price formation, supply security, and cost competitiveness
Oil market prices, cost trends and export economics for Serbian producers targeting the EU market
By 2030, Serbian exporters will no longer focus on whether global oil prices are “high” or “low,” but on whether
Policy without borders: How Montenegro–Italy coupling constrains domestic energy intervention
Electricity market coupling is often discussed in technical or commercial terms, but its most profound effects are political. By linking
Fragmented convergence: Why Southeast Europe will not integrate into one electricity market
For much of the past decade, the dominant assumption shaping policy and market design in Southeast Europe has been that
Storage and balancing economics in an Adriatic-linked SEE market, 2030–2040
The Montenegro–Italy electricity market coupling does more than integrate two markets. It reshapes the economics of flexibility across Southeast Europe,